Shock-absorbers are intended for clearing of fluctuations of the car arising at movement on rough roads. Their action is based on use of resistance to liquid course through small sections through passage in compression and return valves. Comfortableness of the car and durability of details of a body and the chassis substantially depends on work of shock-absorbers. Normally working shock-absorbers should extinguish fluctuations of the car after obstacle moving for 1—3 rolling.

Fig. 6.11. The shock-absorber: 1 — a rod with an eye; 2 — пыльник; 3 — a washer; 4 — a tank nut; 5 — an epiploon holder; 6 — a rod epiploon; 7 — a ring; 8 — a spring; 9 — directing a rod with the plug; 10 — the tank; 11 — the cylinder; 12, 16 and 22 — plates restrictive; 13 and 18 — plates; 14 — the piston; 15 and 21 — disks; 17 — a nut of the valve of return; 19 — the case of the valve of compression; 20 — a bolt of the valve of compression; 23 — a nut of the valve of compression

In a design of shock-absorbers (fig. 6.11) details of shock-absorbers of car GAZ-31029 "Volga" are used. The principle of work of these shock-absorbers is widely known and does not demand the detailed description. As a working liquid in shock-absorbers liquid АЖ-12Т (a duplicating liquid — веретенное oil АУ) in number of 0,265 l is applied.

Maintenance service of shock-absorbers

During operation of any adjustment shock-absorbers do not demand. However, if the slowed down clearing of fluctuations of cars after obstacle moving the shock-absorber is necessary for checking up is revealed. Industrially its characteristics are checked at the stand. If there is no stand, it is necessary to clamp the shock-absorber vertically for the bottom eye and to pump over for the top eye not less than five times. At the serviceable shock-absorber the rod should move in regular intervals, without jerks and vibrations at the appendix of constant loading in 300 Н (30 кгс). Moving time for length of a working course of a stretching — no more than 15 with.

If the shock-absorber is pumped over without resistance or, on the contrary, resistance is very great, it should be replaced or repaired.

While in service at the shock-absorber can appear подтекание oils through rod consolidation in the top part. For elimination негерметичности it is enough to tighten a tank nut. At a tightening the tightness of a rubber epiploon 6 rods simultaneously increases. For a tightening of a nut of the tank the shock-absorber it is necessary to assign the bottom eye in a vice and to lift for the top eye a casing in extreme top position.

Fig. 6.12. A special key for dismantling of shock-absorbers of release of 1997

Nut to tighten a special key (fig. 6.12) the moment 90—150 Н·м (9—15 кгс·м).

Removal and shock-absorber installation

Removal of the shock-absorber of a forward suspension bracket is necessary for making in a following order:

- For simplification of access to the shock-absorber it is necessary to turn a wheel to the full towards a forward part of a longeron;

- To turn away a nut of the bottom finger of the shock-absorber, to remove a washer and the rubber plug;

- To turn away the same nut on the top finger, to remove also a washer and the rubber plug;

- To remove the shock-absorber from the car.

Shock-absorber installation is carried out in return sequence.

Removal of the shock-absorber of a back suspension bracket is made similarly.

Repair of shock-absorbers

Shock-absorber dismantling should be made only in case of obvious malfunctions of the shock-absorber. Dismantling degree depends on character of malfunction. So, if the tightening of a nut of the tank has not excluded подтекание a liquid the shock-absorber is necessary for disassembling partially.

Dismantling of shock-absorbers to make in a following order:

- To clamp in a vice the bottom eye, to put forward a rod 1 (fig. 6.11) for the top eye upwards refusal see and to turn away a nut 4 tanks;

- Cautiously to shake for a rod 1 holder 5 epiploons 6 and to raise the cylinder 11 of the tank;

- Keeping the cylinder one hand and without taking out it from the tank, a copper hammer to beat out directing 9 rods from the cylinder;

- To lower the cylinder on a bottom of the tank and, keeping it, to take out a rod with the piston 14; to merge a liquid from the tank and the cylinder in a volumetric glass;

- To take out the cylinder from the tank and, having clamped in a vice the case 19 valves of compression for the bottom part, to shake the cylinder and to release it from the valve case. As a rule, the compression valve does not understand, but only is carefully washed out by kerosene and запрессовывается in the cylinder on a former place.

In need of its dismantling it is necessary to turn away a nut 23;

- To clamp in a vice a rod for the top eye and to turn away a nut 17 valves of return, to remove consistently plate restrictive 16, disks 15, the piston 14, a plate 13, a spring and a plate restrictive 12.

    Before survey and the analysis of a technical condition of details they are necessary for washing out in kerosene and to blow compressed air. Tightness of the shock-absorber depends on quality of surfaces of interfaced details, consolidations and their sizes. At survey it is necessary to pay attention to the following:

- The shock-absorber rod requires replacement if on its working surface there are scratches, teases, corrosion or damage of the chromeplated layer;

- It is necessary to replace a rod epiploon at deterioration or damage of ring combs on an internal working surface;

- The sealing ring 7 (fig. 6.11 see) tank is replaced, if it is damaged at dismantling, strongly deformed or has shrunk;